LESSON ^ л 19 TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS

to handle legal matters

drawing up of documents wills

divorce papers

to present cases in higher courts a barrister

140

профессия юриста/адвоката; юридическая профессия; юристы солиситор стряпчий; юрисконсульт (амер.); атторней обвинения (в некоторых штатах) рассматривать, разбирать судебные дела

составление, оформление документов завещания

документы для развода представлять, вести дела в вышестоящих судах; излагать доводы в вышестоящих судах барристер; адвокат, имеющий право выступать в высших судах the everyday junior work the four inas of Court

to sit exams

association with a senior barrister to "be called to the bar"

to "take silk"

the letters QC (Queen's Counsel) the different skills to live a more rarefied existence legal rules to hire smb.

the experts on general principles of the law

to acquire the special skill of eloquence in public speaking

the impersonal majesty of the law

the retiring age

to get a very high salary

—ежедневная вспомогательная работа —четыре английские школы подготовки

барристеров —сдавать экзамены

—совместная работа со старшим барристером '

—призываться/приниматься в ассоциацию адвокатов (имеющих право выступать в суде} —стать королевским адвокатом -

буквы ОС (королевский адвокат] —разные умения и навыки

—вести более утонченный образ жизни —правовые нормы, принципы —нанимать кого-либо —специалисты высокого класса (эксперты) по общим правовым вопросам/по общим вопросам права -

приобретать специальные навыки и

умения красноречия в ораторском искусстве —беспристрастное величие закона/ права

—возраст, установленный для выхода в

отставку; пенсионный возраст —получать очень высокую заработную плату INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES

1~1 Переведите тенет на слух с записями

(мотет быть использован для абзацно~фразового перевода):

Entering the profession

How does someone become a lawyer? As with doctors and other professionals enjoying a high level of trust because of the specialized knowledge, lawyers are subject to standardized examination and other controls to regulate their competence. In some countries in order to practice as a lawyer it is necessary to get a university degree in law. However, in others, a degree may be insufficient; professional examinations must be passed. In Britain, it is not in fact necessary to have a degree, although nowadays most people entering the profession do. The main requirement is to have passed the Bar Final examination (for barristers) or the Law Society Final examination (for solicitors). Someone with a university degree in a subject other than law needs first to take a preparatory course. Someone without a degree at all may also prepare for the final examination, but this will take several years. In most

141 countries, lawyers will tell you that the time they spent studying for their law finals was one of the worst periods of their life! This is because an enormous number of procedural rules covering a wide area of law must be memorized. Even after passing the examination, though, a lawyer is not necessarily qualified. A solicitor in England, for example, must then spend two years as an articled clerk, during which time his work is closely supervised by an experienced lawyer, and he must take further courses. A barrister must spend a similar year as a pupil.

EO Подставьте термины по смыслу переведите предложения:

1) court clerk, 2) prosecutor, 3) solicitor, 4) barrister, 5) bailiff, 6) defendant, 7) sheriff, 8) witness, 9) appellant, 10) judge, It) plaintiff, 12) prison officers. 1.

A court officer who maintains order in the courtroom and is responsible for custody of the jury is... . 2.

A lawyer who speaks in a law court, either for or against a case is... . 3.

A person against whom legal action is brought is... . 4.

A person who gives evidence at a trial is... . 5.

A lawyer who advises on legal matters and helps with wills, house sales and other legal matters is... , 6.

The party that requests an appeal is... . 7.

A person appointed to hear and try cases in a court of law is... . 8.

Men or women who look after prisoners in prison are called... . 9.

The chief executive and administrative officer of a county, chosen by popular election is.... 10.

The party bringing the suit is called... . 11.

The officer, who sits right below the judge, keeps track of all documents and exhibits and notes down important events in the trial is... .

0 12.

The public officer in each county who is & lawyer and who represents the inter ests of the state is... ,

Переведите тенет (рекомендуется для последовательного перевода):

Legal Profession

There are two distinct kinds of lawyer in Britain. One of these is a solicitor. Every body who needs a lawyer has to go to one of these. They handle most legal matters for their clients, including the drawing up of documents (such as wills, divorce papers and contracts), communicating with other parties, and presenting their cli ents' cases in magistrates' courts. However, only since 1994 have solicitors been allowed to present cases in higher courts. If the trial is to be heard in one of these the solicitor normally hires the services of the other kind of lawyer - a barrister. The only function of barristers is to present cases in court 142 : !

The training of the two kinds of lawyer is very different. All solicitors have to pass the Law Society exam. They study for this exam white "articled" to established firms of solicitors, where they do much of the everyday junior work until they are qualified.

Barristers have to attend one of the four Inns of Court in London. These ancient institutions are modelled somewhat on Oxbridge colleges. For example, although there are some lectures, the only attendance requirement is to eat dinner there on a certain number of evenings each term. After four years, the trainee barristers then sit exams. If they pass, they are "called to the bar" and are recognized as barristers. However, they are still not allowed to present a case in a crown court. They can only do this after several more years of association with a senior barrister, after which the most able of them apply to "take silk".

Neither kind of lawyer needs a university qualification. The vast majority of barristers and most solicitors do in fact go to university, but they do not necessarily study law there. This arrangement is typically British.

The different styles of training reflect the different worlds that the two kinds of lawyer live in, and also the different skills that they develop. Solicitors have to deal with the realities of the everyday world and its problems. Most of their work is done away from the courts. They often become experts in the details of particular areas of the law. Barristers, on the other hand, live a more rarefied existence. For one thing, they tend to come from the upper strata of society. Furthermore, their protection from everyday realities is increased by certain legal rales. For example, they are not supposed to talk to any of their clients, or to their client's witnesses, except in the presence of the solicitor who has hired them. They are experts on general principles of the law rather than on details, and they acquire the special skill of eloquence in public speaking. When they present a case in court, they, like judges, put on the archaic gown and wig which, it is supposed, emphasize the impersonal majesty of the law.

It is exclusively from the ranks of barristers that judges are appointed. Once they have been appointed, it is almost impossible for them to be dismissed. The only way that this can be done is by a resolution of both Houses of Parliament, and this is something that has never happened. Moreover, their retiring age is later than in most other occupations. They also get very high salaries. These things are considered necessary in order to ensure their independence from interference, by the state or any other party. However, the result of their background and their absolute security in their jobs is that, although they are often people of great Seaming and intelligence, some judges appear to have difficulty understanding the problems and circumstances of ordinary people, and to be out of step with general public opinion.

Перескажите тенет с переводом (один обучаемый пересказывает, а другой переводит).

Переведите слова и выражения на слух в быстром темпе:

To handle legal matters; divorce papers; coimnon law; деликтное право; рассматривать дело; судебный пристав; to sit exams; the different skills; legal rules; нанимать адвоката; приобретать специальные навыки и умения красноречия ораторского искусства; the impersonal majesty of the law; prosecutor; security; получать очень высокую заработную плату, в прошлом году; во вторник; indictment; legal profession; testimony; damages; remedy; защитник; тяжкое преступление; ограбление; yesterday at 17 p.m.; in 1945; evidence; plaintiff; court clerk,

\t\ Расшифруйте и переведите сокращения:

U.N.Ch., subsec, supp., stat. rem., C.C.C. (Central Criminal Court), C.CJ. (Circuit Court Judge), Atty, autli.. Bar., agst, agrt, ack., jus. P., ltd., V.I.P., pt., Pr„ Mrs, restr., ZD (бездефектность).

J—J Переведите письменно отрывок с письмом солиситору

из "The Witness for the Prosecution" by Agatha Crtstie:

...It came by the six o'clock post. An illiterate scrawl, written on coimnon paper and enclosed in a dirty envelope with the stamp stuck on crooked. Mr, Mayheme read it through once or twice before he grasped its meaning.

Dear Mister,

Youre the lawyer chap wot acts for the young feller. If you want that painted foreign hussy showed up for wot she is in her pack of lies you come to 16 Shaw's Rent Stepney tonight It ull cawstyou 2 hundred quid Arsk for Missis Mogson.

The solicitor read and reread this strange epistle, ft might, of course, be a hoax, but when he thought it over, he became increasingly convinced that it was genuine, and also convinced that it was the one hope for the prisoner. scrawl crooked

epistle [i'pisl] hussy [liAsi] hoax [houks]

каракули, небрежная записка

криво, косо

послание

дерзкая девчонка, шлюха, потаскушка обман, мистификация COMMENTARY

144-

Письма и другие документы будут рассматриваться во второй части пособия. Данное послание солиситору дает возможность представить, с чем и с кем солиситору, приходите я иметь дело. Клиенты и документы могут быть разными и переводчику приходится работать с подобными документами. Переведиге диалог на английский язык:

Андрей. Леонид, есть ли какие-нибудь различия в профессии юристов в Англии и в США?

Леонид. Американская юридическая система выросла в основном из английского общего права, но в области подготовки юристов и их работы имеются существенные различия.

Ацдрей. Я знаю, что юристы в Англии подразделяются на две группы: соли ситоров и барристеров, л

Леонид. Да, ты прав. Существуют два вида юристов в Англии. Солиситоры занимаются правовыми вопросами своих клиентов, включая составление документов, таких как завещания, документов для развода и контрактов, представляют дела своих клиентов в магистратских судах. Солиситоры нанимают других юристов: барристеров для своих клиентов.

Барристеры должны посещать одну из четырех школ подготовки барристеров в Лондоне. После четырех лет обучения барристеры сдают экзамены. "'

Андрей. Значит, подготовка солиситоров и барристеров отличается, да? Леонид. Да, и подготовка, и работа солисторов и барристеров отличаются Андрей. А на какие группы делятся юристы в США? эын

Леонид. В США адвокаты не делятся на какие-либо категории, что нёЭД1 ключает их специализации по тем или иным вопросам и по "йй|?й деятельности. Для получения права на занятие адвокатской кой в большинстве штатов необходимо сдать экзамены,

т . I / QT

мые судами. ?

ил?:.

Андрей. Нет ли у тебя какой-нибудь книги по этим вопросам? Леонид. Да, есть. Завтра я принесу тебе две книги: одну на русском, гую на английском языке.

Q Переведите текст на английский язык (рекомендуется

для зрительно-устного и зрительно-письменного перевода):