LESSON 14 OFFICERS OF THE COURT

preparation for trial trial

to precede the trial the defense/defence

to enter a motion to challenge the jurisdiction to file л demurrer a motion for dismissal to interview prospective witnesses

TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS —

подготовка к судебному процессу, приготовления к судебному разбира тельству —

судебное разбирательство; судебный

процесс; слушание дела по существу —

предшествовать судебному разбирательству —

защита, оборона, обстоятельство, осво

бождающсс от ответственности; запрещение —внести предложение —оспаривать юрисдикцию, выступать против юрисдикции —

сделать/внести процессуальный отвод,

возражение —

предложение/ходатайство об отклонении/отводе и т. д.

—опрашивать/спрашивать потенциальных/предполагаемых свидетелей to secure expert evidence

показания эк-

перта

to gather testimony civil or criminal trials

разбирательства

дела по существу

trial procedure

civil and criminal cases officers of the court

the judge

служащие

the aforementioned duties the court clerk a juror a venirman a resident a voter a householder the jury box the bailiff

the courtroom to deliberate the court reporter

щии делами

objections exhibits

судебный зал

the attorney a just verdict

a constitutional safeguard insufficient evidence

обеспечить свидетельские

сперта, доказательства, полученные экспертизой; показания экс-

—собирать свидетельские показания —гражданские и уголовные судебные

процедура рассмотрения

—гражданские и уголовные дела

—должностные лица суда, чиновники, -

судья -

вышеупомянутые обязанности

секретарь суда присяжный заседатель —присяжный —местный житель -

избиратель -

домовладелец -

скамья присяжных -

бейлиф, судебный пристав, управляю-

зал судебных заседаний;

совещаться, обсуждать судебный секретарь. репортер, стено- графист —возражения

—вещественные доказательства, экспонаты

Q

- юрист, адвокат, атторней, прокурор —справедливое решение, справедливый вердикт

—конституционная гарантия, защита —недостаточное доказательство INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES Переведите устно (рекомендуется для последовательного перевода с повторением):

Participants in the Civil Courts the criminal courts, the closeness of the relationships among these people depends on the regularity with which a set of lawyers comes before a particular judge. Thus, in rural courts and in courts (and court divisions) with jurisdiction over a narrow range of civil cases, a judge may deal frequently with a relatively small group of lawyers. In urban courts with a broad jurisdiction, judges may encounter a much larger group of lawyers, and close working relationships are less likely to develop.

Judges. The great majority of judges spend at least part of their time hearing civil cases. Many judges sit on courts that hear only civil cases, and some specialize even more narrowly, serving permanently on courts or divisions that handle only probate, domestic relations, or bankruptcy cases.

In most respects, the powers and responsibilities of judges in civil cases are similar to those in criminal cases.

Attorneys. As in criminal cases, attorneys are usually present in all but the most minor civil cases. Their participation is marked by specialization: lawyers generally concentrate in a few areas of the law, so work in most areas is handled chiefly by specialists and quasispecialists. But in a few common and nontechnical areas, such as estates, many lawyers who are not specialists take occasional cases.

Some areas of law handled in civil courts resemble criminal law in the sense that a particular lawyer always represents only one of

As in icrimmal courts, the most important participants in civil courts are lawyers and judges in both settings they constitute the core of the courtroom work group. As in 106 ._. , ! the two types of parties that contend in court.

Eattiea. The contending parties in a civil case are designated as the plaintiff (the party that brings the suit) and the defendant (the party against whom the suit is brought).

KJ Переведите устно с листа:

Preliminary Hearing

If the individual charged with a crime requests a preliminary hearing before a magistrate, the court will set a hearing within a reasonably short time. At the hearing, the- state must present sufficient evidence to convince the magistrate that there is reason to believe the defendant has committed the crime with which he is charged. Th*1 defendant must be present at this hearing, and he may or may not present evidence on his own behalf,

If the magistrate believes the evidence justifies it, he will order the defendant bound over for trial in the proper court — that is, placed under bond for appearance at trial, or held in jail if the charge involved is not a bailable offence or if the defendant is unable to post bond. The magistrate also may decide that even without bond the accused will most likely appear in court for his trial and therefore will release him on his own recognizance, that is, on his own promise to appear. If he concludes the state has failed to produce sufficient evidence in the preliminary hearing, the magistrate may dismiss the charge and order the defendant released.

•107 COMMENTARY

В юридическом переводе слово "officer" может переводиться на русский как "служащий" суда, полиция, ане офицер.

Слово "officer" часто используется при обращении к полицейскому (констеблю): Excuse me officer, how can I get to,..? В тексте Officers of the court - должностные лица суда, чиновники. Chief Executive Officer — президент США, но career/regular officer — лад- роеый офицер.

0 Переведите устно и письменно (рекомендуется

для зрительно-устного и зрительно-письменного перевода):

Preparation for Trial

As in civil cases, very careful preparation on the part of the state and the defense precedes the trial.

In preparing for trial, attorneys for both sides will interview prospective witnesses and, if deemed necessary, secure expert evidence, and gather testimony concerning ballistics, chemical tests, casts and other similar data.

TRIALS Civil or Criminal

While in detail there are minor differences in trial procedure between civil and criminal cases, the basic pattern in the courtroom is the same, disqualified from the jury duty because he is not a resident voter or householder, because of age, hearing defects, or because he has served recently on a jury.

Then the court clerk will draw names of the remaining veniremen from a box, and they will take seats in the jury box. After twelve veniremen have been approved as jurors by the judge and the attorneys, the court clerk will administer an oath to the persons so chosen "to well and truly try the case".

The bailiff is an officer of the court whose duties are to keep order in the courtroom, to call witnesses, and to take charge of the jury as instructed by the court at such times as the jury may not be in the courtroom, and particularly when, having received the case, the jury is deliberating upon its decision. It is the duty of the bailiff to see that no one talks with or attempts to influence the jurors in any manner.

The court reporter has the duty of recording all proceedings in the courtroom, including testimony of the witnesses, objections made to evidence by the attorneys and the ruling of the court thereon, and listing and marking for identification any exhibits offered or introduced into evidence. In some states, the clerk of the court has charge of exhibits.

The attorneys are officers of the court whose duties are to represent their respective clients and present the evidence on their behalf, so that the jury or the judge may reach a just verdict or decision.

The role of the attorney is sometimes misunderstood, particularly in criminal proceedings. Our system of criminal jurisprudence presumes every defendant to be innocent until proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Every defendant is entitled to be represented by legal counsel, regardless of the unpopularity of his cause. This is a constitutional safeguard.

It is entirely ethical for an attorney to represent a defendant whom the community may assume to be guilty. The accused is entitled to counsel in order that he be protected from conviction on insufficient evidence, and he is entitled to every pro tection which the law affords him. Off leers of the Court

The Judge is the officer who is either elected or appointed to preside over the court. If the case is to be tried before a jury, the judge rules upon points of law dealing with trial procedure, presentation of the evidence and the law of the case. If the case is tried before the judge alone, he will determine the facts in addition to performing the aforementioned duties.

The court clerk is an officer of the court, also either elected or appointed, who at the beginning of the trial, upon the judge's instruction, gives the entire panel of prospective jurors {veniremen) an oath. By this oath, the venireman promises that, if called, he will truly answer any question concerning his qualifications to sit as a juror in the case.

Any venireman who is disqualified by law, or has a valid reason to be excused under the law, ordinarily is excused by the judge at this time. A person may be

108

Перескажите текст "Officers of the Court"c переводом (один обучаемый пересказывает, а другой переводит).

Переведите на слух а быстром темпе;

The bailiff, секретарь суда, a resident, common law, возражения (в суде), a householder, судебный процесс, venirmen, гражданские и уголовные дела, to file a demurrer, скамья присяжных, to gather testimony, внести предложение, to challenge the jurisdiction, обвинительный акт, arraignment, вещественные доказательства, a just verdict.

L

1*1 Переведите на слух: 1. Очень тщательная подготовка со стороны (on the part) государственного об винения и защиты предшествует судебному процессу. 2.

Защита может сначала выступить с предложением, оспаривающим юрис дикцию суда по конкретному нарушению в деле или относительно конкрет ного ответчика. 3.

Защитник также может выдвинуть возражения или ходатайство об от воде. 4.

При подготовке к судебному заседанию адвокаты обеих сторон опросят пред полагаемых свидетелей и, если необходимо, получат заключение эксперта и соберут данные относительно баллистики, химической экспертизы, убытков и другие подобные сведения. в

Переведите устно (телефонный разговор); Секретарь суда: Эт0 661421?- Могу я поговорить с миссис Пайк?

Миссис Паик: Миссис Пайк у телеф0На, я слушаю.

Секретарь суда. jyjb[ T0JIbK0 чт0 дослали Вам повестку о явке в суд в качестве свидетеля (subpoena [азЬ'ркпэ] for attendance of witness). Адвокаты обеих сторон хотят задать Вам несколько вопросов. Не могли бы вы прийти в суд завтра утром или послезавтра?

Миссис Пайк: Повестку я еще не получила и завтра прийти я не смогу. Пусть это будет послезавтра в 10 утра, если это Вас устраивает.

Секретарь суда: Хорошо, ждем Вас послезавтра в 10 утра. Спасибо, до свидания!

Миссис Пайк: До свидания!

four и т. д. " double six' 44 " double

/і Переведите устно и письменно {рекомендуется

^для зрительно-устного и зрительно-письменного перевода);